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第一期||英语说贵州非遗学子传中华文化

作者：时间：2023-04-08 点击数：

为进一步丰富校园文化生活，引导青年大学生牢固树立文化自信意识，加深对本土文化的了解和热爱，九州网页版,九州（中国）官方外国语学院学子走进家乡的传统“非遗”，挖掘家乡“非遗”文化的现代传承，用英语展现与传播贵州非物质文化遗产的魅力。

下面，让我们的同学与大家一同分享“非遗”之美

侗族大歌

Dong Grand Choirs

图片来源：云海视觉https://g.pconline.com.cn/dp/photo/15798188/3295123.html

基本介绍

侗族大歌是在中国侗族地区一种多声部、无指挥、无伴奏、自然合声的民间合唱形式，起源于春秋战国时期，已有2500多年的历史。侗族大歌无论是音律结构、演唱技艺、演唱方式和演唱场合均与一般民间歌曲不同，是一领众和、分高低音多声部谐唱的合唱种类，属于民间支声复调音乐歌曲。侗族大歌不仅仅是一种音乐艺术形式，对于侗族人民文化及其精神的传承和凝聚都起着非常重大的作用，是侗族文化的直接体现。

Dong Grand Choirs, it is a kind of folk choral form of multi-voice, non-conducting, non-accompaniment and natural chorus in the Dong people’s area of China. Originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Kam Grand Choirs has a history of more than 2500 years. Dong Grand Choirs is different from the general folk songs in terms of its temperament structure, singing skills, singing methods and singing occasions. It is a kind of chorus that leads the chorus and divides the high and low parts into harmonic singing. It belongs to the folk polyphony songs. Dong Grand Choirs is not only a kind of music art form, but also plays a very important role in the inheritance and cohesion of the culture and spirit of the Dong people, which is a direct reflection of the Dong culture.

图片来源：搜狐网http://www.sohu.com/a/297850056_488179

起源

《侗族大歌》，起源于春秋战国时期，至今已有2500多年的历史，是在中国侗族地区一种多声部、无指挥、无伴奏、自然合声的民间合唱形式。“饭养身，歌养心”是侗家人常说的一句话。侗族从来没有自己的手写稿，直到1958年才有文字系统。在这之前，侗族文化、历史和故事都是以歌曲的形式记录下来的。因此，侗族文化虽然经历了历史的起伏，但保存完好，并逐渐引起世界的关注。

Originated in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Dong Grand Choirs has a history of more than 2,500 years. It is a form of folk chorus with multiple voices, non-conducting, non-accompaniment and natural chorus in the Dong areas of China. "Rice nourishes the body, song nourishes the heart" is a saying that Dong people often say. The Dong people never had their own manuscripts and did not have a writing system until 1958. Before that, Dong culture, history and stories were all recorded in the form of songs. Therefore, although the Dong culture has experienced ups and downs in history, it is well preserved and gradually attracts the attention of the world.

图片来源：昵图网https://m.nipic.com/index.html#/detail/464428

合唱形式

大歌——侗语称“嘎老”，“嘎”就是歌，“老”具有宏大和古老的意思。侗族大歌以“众低独高”，复调式多声部合唱为主要演唱方式。侗族大歌需要3人以上的歌班才能演唱，每个歌班包括至少一个领唱，一个高音和若干低音。

Grand Choirs - It is called嘎(Ga)老(Lao) in Dong language, "Ga" is the song, and "Lao" means being grand and ancient. The main singing mode of Dong Grand Choirs is polyphonic multipart chorus with "all low-pitch but one high". The Dong Grand Choirs requires a singing class of at least three people, each consisting of at least one leader, one treble and several bass.

图片来源：云海视觉https://g.pconline.com.cn/dp/photo/15798188/3295123.html

内容特点

多声部、无指挥、无伴奏是侗族大歌主要特点。它的主要内容是歌唱自然、劳动、爱情以及人间友谊，是人与自然、人与人之间的一种和谐之声，因此凡是有大歌流行的侗族村寨，很少出现打架骂人、偷盗等行为，人们甚至是“夜不闭户，路不拾遗”，如同陶渊明笔下的“桃花源”一般。

The main characteristics of Dong Grand Choirs are the absence of multi-voices, conductors and accompaniment. Its main content is to sing about nature, labor, love and friendship, which showcases both the interpersonal harmony and that with nature. Therefore, in Dong villages where Grand Choirs is popular, fighting, swearing, stealing and other behaviors rarely occur. People even "never close their doors at night, and no one picks up and pockets anything lost on the road ", just like the land of idyllic beauty illustrated by the Chinese poet Tao Yuanming.

图片来源：云海视觉https://g.pconline.com.cn/dp/photo/15798188/3295123.html

发展历史

侗族是中国少数民族中的一员，据传是古代越人的后裔，至今已有2500多年的历史。

1959年10月黎平县侗族民间合唱团进京演出，打破了侗族大歌长期与外界隔绝的封闭状态，引起强烈的反响。

1986年10月3日，侗族合唱团首次出国,赴法国巴黎参加秋季艺术节活动。

1988年6月，贵州省榕江县“金蝉歌队”又应邀参加中国少儿艺术团赴法国和平儿童节十周年暨南特大众艺术节演唱侗族童声大歌，荣获一等奖。

1994年春节文艺晚会和2001年的春节文艺晚会，黎平县侗族大歌队演唱的《蝉之歌》、《布谷催春》等侗族民间的歌曲，从而使黎平县这朵藏在深山里的民间艺术奇葩，名扬海内外。As one of the ethnic minorities in China, the Dong people are said to be the descendants of the ancient Yue people, witnessing a history of more than 2500 years.

In October 1959, the Dong Folk Choir of Liping County went to Beijing to perform, which broke the long-term isolation of Dong Grand Choirs from the outside world and were welcomed with strong repercussions.

On October 3, 1986, the Dong chorus went abroad for the first time to Paris, France, to participate in the Festival d'automne à Paris.

In June 1988, the Golden Cicada Singing Team of Rongjiang County, Guizhou Province, was invited to join the Chinese Children's Art Troupe in performing the Dong Children's Songs at the 10th Anniversary of the French Peace Children's Day and Nantes Mass Art Festival, bringing home the first prize.

Dong folk songs such as "Cicada's Song" and “Cuckoos Usher Spring In” performed by Dong Chorus of Liping in the CCTV Spring Festival Galas in both 1994 and 2001 publicized Liping --the wonderful work of art hidden in the mountainous region of Guizhou to the international arena.

图片来源：美通社https://photos.prnasia.com/prnk/20191125/2652771-1-c

价值传承

侗族大歌的形成虽然已有2000多年的历史，但是直到解放后全国进行土地改革期间，才被老一辈音乐家发现，并组织音乐工作者深入到侗族山区去收集发掘、记录整理。

由于侗族大歌具备人类的创作天才代表作的突出价值，2005已经进入国家级第一批非物质文化遗产代表名录，并作为中国“人类口头及非物质文化遗产代表作候选项目”。

2009年，贵州省侗族大歌被列入联合国《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》，联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会评委认为，侗族大歌是“一个民族的声音，一种人类的文化”。申遗的成功，无疑给濒临失传的侗族大歌注入新的希望，更有利于侗族大歌的保护和传承。

Although with a history of more than 2000 years, it was not until the Agrarian Revolution period after National Liberation that the older generation of musicians discovered the amazing Dong Grand Choirs. Musicians were dispatched to the mountainous Dong areas to collect, record and file the pieces of the Grand Choirs. Because of the prominent value of human talents in music creation, the Dong Grand Choirs was selected by the first batch of Representative List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage and a candidate for Representative List of Oral and Intangible Culture Heritage List” in China in 2005.

In 2009, Dong Grand Choirs of Guizhou Province was included in the United Nations Representative List of Human Intangible Cultural Heritage. The jury of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage considered the Grand Choirs as "the voice of a nation and a culture of mankind". Successful application for world heritage status undoubtedly injects new hope into the Grand Choirs which was once on the verge of extinction, so that the Grand Choirs can be better protected and inherited by future generations.